用于测量磁盘活动的Linux命令

ioping 命令是一种完全不同的工具，但是它可以报告磁盘延迟——也就是磁盘响应请求需要多长时间，而这有助于诊断磁盘问题。

$ sudo ioping /dev/sda1
4 KiB <<< /dev/sda1 (block device 111.8 GiB): request=1 time=960.2 us (warmup)
4 KiB <<< /dev/sda1 (block device 111.8 GiB): request=2 time=841.5 us
4 KiB <<< /dev/sda1 (block device 111.8 GiB): request=3 time=831.0 us
4 KiB <<< /dev/sda1 (block device 111.8 GiB): request=4 time=1.17 ms
^C
--- /dev/sda1 (block device 111.8 GiB) ioping statistics ---
3 requests completed in 2.84 ms, 12 KiB read, 1.05 k iops, 4.12 MiB/s
generated 4 requests in 3.37 s, 16 KiB, 1 iops, 4.75 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 831.0 us / 947.9 us / 1.17 ms / 158.0 us

atop

atop 命令，像 top 一样提供了大量有关系统性能的信息，包括有关磁盘活动的一些统计信息。

ATOP - butterfly      2018/12/26  17:24:19      37d3h13m------ 10ed
PRC | sys    0.03s | user   0.01s | #proc    179 | #zombie    0 | #exit      6 |
CPU | sys       1% | user      0% | irq       0% | idle    199% | wait      0% |
cpu | sys       1% | user      0% | irq       0% | idle     99% | cpu000 w  0% |
CPL | avg1    0.00 | avg5    0.00 | avg15   0.00 | csw      677 | intr     470 |
MEM | tot     5.8G | free  223.4M | cache   4.6G | buff  253.2M | slab  394.4M |
SWP | tot     2.0G | free    2.0G |              | vmcom   1.9G | vmlim   4.9G |
DSK |          sda | busy      0% | read       0 | write      7 | avio 1.14 ms |
NET | transport    | tcpi 4 | tcpo  stall      8 | udpi 1 | udpo 0swout   2255 |
NET | network      | ipi       10 | ipo 7 | ipfrw      0 | deliv      60.67 ms |
NET | enp0s25   0% | pcki      10 | pcko 8 | si    1 Kbps | so    3 Kbp0.73 ms |
 
  PID SYSCPU  USRCPU  VGROW   RGROW  ST EXC   THR  S CPUNR   CPU  CMD 1/1673e4 |
 3357  0.01s   0.00s   672K    824K  --   -     1  R     0    0%  atop
 3359  0.01s   0.00s     0K      0K  NE   0     0  E     -    0%  <ps>
 3361  0.00s   0.01s     0K      0K  NE   0     0  E     -    0%  <ps>
 3363  0.01s   0.00s     0K      0K  NE   0     0  E     -    0%  <ps>
31357  0.00s   0.00s     0K      0K  --   -     1  S     1    0%  bash
 3364  0.00s   0.00s  8032K    756K  N-   -     1  S     1    0%  sleep
 2931  0.00s   0.00s     0K      0K  --   -     1  I     1    0%  kworker/u8:2-e
 3356  0.00s   0.00s     0K      0K  -E   0     0  E     -    0%  <sleep>
 3360  0.00s   0.00s     0K      0K  NE   0     0  E     -    0%  <sleep>
 3362  0.00s   0.00s     0K      0K  NE   0     0  E     -    0%  <sleep>

如果你只想查看磁盘统计信息，则可以使用以下命令轻松进行管理：

$ atop | grep DSK
DSK |          sda | busy      0% | read  122901 | write 3318e3 | avio 0.67 ms |
DSK |          sdb | busy      0% | read    1168 | write    103 | avio 0.73 ms |
DSK |          sda | busy      2% | read       0 | write     92 | avio 2.39 ms |
DSK |          sda | busy      2% | read       0 | write     94 | avio 2.47 ms |
DSK |          sda | busy      2% | read       0 | write     99 | avio 2.26 ms |
DSK |          sda | busy      2% | read       0 | write     94 | avio 2.43 ms |
DSK |          sda | busy      2% | read       0 | write     94 | avio 2.43 ms |
DSK |          sda | busy      2% | read       0 | write     92 | avio 2.43 ms |
^C

了解磁盘 I/O

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