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sysctl命令被用于在内核运行时动态地修改内核的运行参数

发布时间:2023-11-03 10:06:22 所属栏目:Linux 来源:网络
导读:   Linux常用命令sysctl命令 被用于在内核运行时动态地修改内核的运行参数,可用的内核参数在目录/proc/sys中,下面为大家分享一下Linux常用命令—sysctl命令具体使用方法。



 
  Linux常用命令sysctl命令 被用于在内核运行时动态地修改内核的运行参数,可用的内核参数在目录/proc/sys中,下面为大家分享一下Linux常用命令—sysctl命令具体使用方法。

  sysctl
 
  时动态地修改内核的运行参数
 
  补充说明
 
  它包含一些TCP/ip堆栈和虚拟内存系统的高级选项, 这可以让有经验的管理员提高引人注目的系统性能。用sysctl可以读取设置超过五百个系统变量。
 
  语法
 
   sysctl(选项)(参数)
 
  选项
 
   -n:打印值时不打印关键字;
 
   -e:忽略未知关键字错误;
 
   -N:仅打印名称;
 
   -w:当改变sysctl设置时使用此项;
 
   -p:从配置文件“/etc/sysctl.conf”加载内核参数设置;
 
   -a:打印当前所有可用的内核参数变量和值;
 
   -A:以表格方式打印当前所有可用的内核参数变量和值。
 
  参数
 
  变量=值:设置内核参数对应的变量值。
 
  实例
 
  查看所有可读变量:
 
  sysctl -a
 
  读一个指定的变量,例如kern.maxproc:
 
  sysctl kern.maxproc kern.maxproc: 1044
 
  要设置一个指定的变量,直接用variable=value这样的语法:
 
   sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000
 
   kern.maxfiles: 2088 -> 5000
 
  您可以使用sysctl修改系统变量,也可以通过编辑sysctl.conf文件来修改系统变量。sysctl.conf看起来很像rc.conf。它用variable=value的形式来设定值。指定的值在系统进入多用户模式之后被设定。并不是所有的变量都可以在这个模式下设定。
 
  sysctl变量的设置通常是字符串、数字或者布尔型。(布尔型用 1 来表示’yes’,用 0 来表示’no’)。
 
   sysctl -w kernel.sysrq=0
 
   sysctl -w kernel.core_uses_pid=1
 
   sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
 
   sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
 
   sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
 
   sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
 
   sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=2048
 
   sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30
 
   sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2
 
   sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=3600
 
   sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1
 
   sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_sack=1
 
  配置sysctl
 
  编辑此文件:/etc/sysctl.conf
 
  如果该文件为空,则输入以下内容,否则请根据情况自己做调整:
 
   # Controls source route verification
 
   # Default should work for all interfaces
 
   net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1
 
   # Disables IP source routing
 
   # Default should work for all interfaces
 
   net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0
 
   # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
 
   kernel.sysrq = 0

   # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
 
   # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
 
   kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
 
   # Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm
 
   # Only uncomment if needed!
 
   # kernel.shmmax = 67108864
 
   # Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance
 
   # Default should work for all interfaces
 
   net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0

   # enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets
 
   # Default should work for all interfaces
 
   net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1
 
   # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1
 
   # Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25

   # Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
 
   # Turn on the tcp_window_scaling
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
 
   # Turn on the tcp_sack
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
 
   # tcp_fack should be on because of sack
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1
 
   # Turn on the tcp_timestamps
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
 
   # Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
 
   # Enable ignoring broadcasts request
 
   net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
 
   # Enable bad error message Protection
 
   net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
 
   # make more local ports available
 
   # net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
 
   # set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5
 
   # Lower syn retry rates
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3 
   ​
   # Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048

   # Various Settings
 
   net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024
 
   # Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached
 
   net.core.hot_list_length = 256
 
   # Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000
 
   # This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues
 
   net.core.rmem_default = 65535
 
   net.core.rmem_max = 8388608
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608
 
   net.core.wmem_default = 65535
 
   net.core.wmem_max = 8388608
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608
 
   net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608
 
   net.core.optmem_max = 40960
 
  如果希望屏蔽别人 ping 你的主机,则加入以下代码:
 
   # Disable ping requests
 
   net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1
 
  编辑完成后,请执行以下命令使变动立即生效:
 
   /sbin/sysctl -p
 
   /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
 

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